AN OPTIMAL APPROACH FOR URBAN WATER DISTRIBUTION IN NIGERIA

Abstract

Most Nigerian towns have water distribution networks designed by conventional methods, with the assumption that demand will be spread over 24 hours. In reality, the distribution system operates under intermittent supply conditions. The common problem is how to utilize the scarce water resources so as to minimize operating costs, maximize internally generated revenue, and ensure equitable level of service delivery. This paper presents the results of application of linear programming technique to solve such urban water supply management problem. A mathematical model, which optimizes conjunctive distribution of available production to end users at minimum cost, was tested with field data from Maiduguri North East Nigeria. Results obtained from the analysis shows that distribution/operation costs can be reduced by 28% with a saving of N0.76 per m' The method improves revenue from water sales by 45% without compromising standard and level of service delivery. The method proposed and used by this study is relatively simple and

enables operation managers to collect data directly on the prevailing important local parameters and draw their own conclusion with high precision and without involving the cost of hiring consultants.